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The U. S. Department of the Interior established separate Standards for each of the four distinct, but interrelated, approaches to the treatment of historic properties - Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, and Reconstruction. All four Standards may be applied to individual buildings, a complex of buildings, districts, sites, structures (i.e., bridges, dams, roadways, windmills, aircraft, ships, locomotives, and bandstands) or objects (i.e., sculptures, monuments, boundary markers, statuary, and fountains). Though slightly different, these guidelines address common issues as applicable to each approach. Provided below are the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation which are very similar to those for Preservation - the major difference being two supplemental standards pertaining to additions or new construction.
Standards for Rehabilitation
1. A property shall be used as it was historically or be given a new use that requires minimal changes to its distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships.
2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize a property shall be avoided.
3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, shall not be undertaken.
4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.
5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved.
6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence.
7. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used.
8. Archeological resources shall be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.
9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment.
10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.